Beethoven's Second on first?

Synopsis

Hold on tight: we’re about to cover 150 years of musical — and presidential — history in just two minutes!8

On today’s date in 1821, when James Monroe was president, Beethoven’s Symphony No. 2 was performed in Philadelphia at a concert of the Musical Fund Society. That occasion marks the first documented performance of a complete Beethoven symphony in America and occurred when Beethoven was 50 years old and residing in Vienna.

In 1853, when Franklin Pierce was in the White House, the Germania Musical Society took Beethoven’s Second Symphony No. 2 on its American tour, presenting it in St. Louis, Milwaukee, and Chicago. That 1853 tour marked the first time an entire Beethoven Symphony was performed in the Windy City. Additional 19th century “firsts” for the symphony occurred over the next two decades in Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and San Francisco, during the administrations of James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Jackson.

Ulysses S. Grant was president in 1870, when Beethoven’s Symphony No. 2 debuted in Washington, D.C., and Grant was still President in 1872, when it was the first symphony to be performed in Minneapolis.

A hundred years later, in the 1970s, when Richard Nixon was in the White House, you could hear performances of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 2 from Maine to Hawaii, all while sitting comfortably in your own Executive Mansion, courtesy of your local government-assisted public radio station.

If you wish, you may now stand and salute your radio!

Music Played in Today's Program

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827): Symphony No. 2; New York Philharmonic; Leonard Bernstein, conductor; Sony 61835

On This Day

Births

• 1745 - Baptismal date of Bohemian violinist and composer Carl Philipp Stamitz, in Mannheim. He was the son of the composer JohannWenzel Anton Stamitz (b. 1717), and the brother of composer Johann Anton Stamitz (b. 1750).

• 1829 - American pianist and composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk, in New Orleans

• 1945 - American pianist and composer Keith Jarrett, in Allentown, Pennsylvania

Deaths

• 1829 - Italian composer and guitar virtuoso Mauro Giuliani, 47, in Naples

• 1944 - British composer and women's rights advocate Dame Ethel Smyth, 86, in Woking

• 1960 - Swedish composer Hugo Alfvén, 88, in Falun

Premieres

• 1720 - Handel: opera Radamisto (first version) (Julian date: April 27)

• 1736 - Handel: anthem Sing unto God (Julian date: April 27)

• 1749 - Handel: Music for the Royal Fireworks (Julian date: April 27)

• 1924 - Honegger: Pacific 231, in Paris at a Koussevitzky Concert

• 1938 - Stravinsky: Dumbarton Oaks Concerto, at Dumbarton Oaks, conducted by Nadia Boulanger

• 1939 - Persichetti: Piano Sonata No. 1, at Philadelphia Conservatory, composer performing

• 1946 - Menotti: The Medium, at Columbia University in New York City

• 1958 - Ligeti: String Quartet No. 1 (Metamorphoses Nocturnes), in Vienna, by the Ramor Quartet

• 1962 - Sondheim: Broadway premiere of musical A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. Near-disasterous trial run performances in Washington, D.C. and other cities preceded the show's Broadway premiere. This was the first major musical for which Sondheim wrote both the lyrics and the music. It won several Tony Awards in 1962, including Best Musical.

• 1965 - Rochberg: Zodiac (orchestral version), by Cincinnati Symphony, Max Rudolf conducting

• 1970 - Gunther Schuller: children’s opera The Fisherman and His Wife, in Boston

• 1973 - Rochberg: Imago Mundi, by Baltimore Symphony, Sergiu Commisiona conducting

• 1979 - Andrew Lloyd-Webber: musical Evita, in Los Angeles. The musical opened on Broadway on September 25, 1979.

• 1985 - Frank Zappa: Time’s Beach for winds, at Alice Tully Hall in New York, by the Aspen Wind Quintet

• 1996 - Lowell Liebermann: opera The Picture of Dorian Gray, at the Monte Carlo Opera, with tenor Jeffrey Lentz in the title role and Steuart Bedford conducting. The American premiere of this opera was staged in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, by the Florentine Opera in Feb. of 1999.

• 1998 - Saariaho: Cello Octet, at the Beauvais Cello Festival in Beavais, France

Others

• 1747 - J.S. Bach performs an organ recital at the Heiligeistkirche in Potsdam;

• 1821 - Earliest documented American performance Beethoven’s Symphony No. 2, in Philadelphia at Washington Hall, by the Musical Fund Society, Charles Hupfeld conducting. The finale only was performed by the Philharmonic Society in New York on December 16, 1824 and repeated at Castle Garden on April 21, 1825. The first complete performance in New York was apparently given on April 22, 1843, at the Apollo Room during the first season of the New York Philharmonic with George Loder conducting.

• 1874 - American premiere of J.S. Bach’s St. Matthew Passion, at the Music Hall in Boston, by the Handel and Haydn Society, Carl Zerrahn conducting. The performing forces included a chorus of 600, and orchestra of 90, and a 60-voice boys’ choir. For this performance, the first 12 numbers of Part II were omitted. The complete Passion was not performed by the Society until 1879. About half of Bach’s Passion was given its New York City premiere at St. George’s Church on March 17, 1880, by the New York Oratorio Society under Leopold Damrosch. Theodore Thomas conducted the next documented performance in Cincinnati on May 17, 1882, during that city’s May Festival.

• 1945 - Aaron Copland’s Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Appalachian Spring ballet score is announced on V-E Day (the day the Allied Forces won the war in Europe)